Daily Editorials Snapshot & FREE Vocabulary PDF – 24 November 2025

The Hindu Editorials snapshot

Editorial 1

COP 30 moves needle on climate finance

COP 30, held in Belém, Brazil, ended after extended negotiations and achieved a breakthrough in climate finance discussions between developed and developing countries. Countries agreed to launch a two-year programme to help mobilise at least $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 for developing nations’ climate action, marking the most ambitious global finance target yet. The Belém deal also includes tripling adaptation finance over the next decade and operationalising the Loss and Damage fund, previously set up at COP 28, though no binding commitments to fund these measures were made by developed nations. The summit addressed contentious issues on international trade, notably carbon adjustment tariffs, which India and China labelled as discriminatory, prompting their recognition and a call for climate-trade alignment without unjust restrictions. Notably, while trust in the climate negotiation process saw some restoration and COP 30 established platforms for supporting a voluntary fossil fuel transition, a concrete roadmap to phase out fossil fuels remains absent. The expectation is now on achieving faster, more equitable climate action and finance delivery as pressure on the developed world grows to support global climate goals.

Editorial 2

​New labour codes are long overdue & welcome

India has notified the implementation of four new labour codes effective from November 21, 2025, modernising 29 outdated labour laws into a streamlined framework. The codes—Code on Wages (2019), Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020), and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020)—aim to simplify compliance, widen the social security net for workers, recognise gig and platform workers, and improve gender equality and formalisation. These reforms address high compliance burdens and the tendency of firms to remain small and informal due to rigid regulations, helping more workers access benefits such as minimum wages, timely wage payments, appointment letters, and workplace safety. For the first time, gig, platform, and fixed-term workers are eligible for social security. However, the codes’ full impact depends on the rollout of detailed rules at both central and state levels, with legacy regulations persisting during the transition. The government and multiple states have begun complementary reforms in licensing, inspections, and offence decriminalisation to further ease doing business. While challenges remain, including resistance from trade unions and some implementation uncertainty, this marks India’s most significant labour law reform since Independence, seeking to align the workforce with global standards and unlock investment-led growth.

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Editorial 3

​Difficult choices: On Trump administration’s draft peace proposal for Ukraine

The Trump administration has presented a draft 28-point peace plan for Ukraine that has caused deep unease in Kyiv, with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy warning of a “very difficult choice” between national dignity and maintaining key international partnerships. The plan asks Ukraine to cede territories in Donetsk, Luhansk, and Crimea to Russia, and freezes conflict lines in Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, allowing Russia to keep areas it controls. It also requires Ukraine to limit its army to 600,000 personnel and formally renounce NATO membership, while Russia pledges no further attacks on neighbors and withdraws from territories beyond these regions. Sanctions on Russia would be lifted and security guarantees given to Ukraine, though specifics remain vague. Putin has welcomed the proposal, but Ukraine and its European allies aim to negotiate a “peace with dignity”. The plan reflects many Russian demands, making it politically hard for Ukraine to accept. Any peace effort must balance the military reality, Ukraine’s need for credible protection, and a new European security framework, addressing trust deficits from the West-Russia rivalry. Though imperfect, Trump’s plan offers a structured basis for dialogue involving key actors to end the ongoing war.​

Editorial 4

​The Council of BJP: On the Bihar Council of Ministers

The newly sworn-in Bihar Council of Ministers reveals a clear shift in power towards the BJP, despite Nitish Kumar and JD(U) retaining the Chief Ministership. For the first time in nearly 20 years, Nitish Kumar does not control the powerful Home Department, which is now led by BJP Deputy Chief Minister Samrat Choudhary. Vijay Kumar Sinha, the other BJP Deputy Chief Minister, manages revenue, land reforms, mines, and geology, consolidating the BJP’s hold on key administrative areas. Overall, BJP holds 14 of the 26 ministerial positions, controlling important departments such as health, law, road construction, urban development, and agriculture. This marks a formal inversion of alliance hierarchy with BJP asserting dominance, building a broad caste coalition including traditionally JD(U) loyal communities. The inclusion of Ram Kripal Yadav, a former loyalist of Lalu Yadav who joined BJP, signals BJP’s growing social engineering strength. The BJP’s challenge is delivering good governance in Bihar, a state still struggling on many development indicators. With nearly a tenth of India’s population, Bihar’s progress under this council is critical for national development and requires strong support from the Centre.

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